What is lubricating oil?
Lubricating oil is a liquid or semi-solid lubricant used in various types of automobiles and mechanical equipment to reduce friction and protect machinery and workpieces, mainly for lubrication, auxiliary cooling, rust prevention, cleaning, sealing and buffering. As long as it is applied between two relative moving objects and can reduce the friction and wear caused by contact between the two objects, it is the lubricating oil.
The main component of lubricating oil
Lubricating oil is generally composed of two parts: base oil and additive. Base oil is the main component of lubricating oil, determines the basic properties of lubricating oil, additives can make up for and improve the lack of performance of base oil, give some new properties, is an important part of lubricating oil.
Lubricating oil base oil is mainly divided into three categories: mineral base oil, synthetic base oil and biological base oil. The additives commonly used are: viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, antioxidants, cleaning dispersants, friction moderators, oiliness agents, extreme pressure additives, anti-foam agents, metal deactivators, emulsifiers, anti-corrosion agents, anti-rust agents, deemulsifiers, anti-oxygen and anti-corrosion agents.
Action of lubricating oil
1. Lubrication and wear reduction
The lubricating oil can form an oil film between the friction surfaces, separating the contact surfaces, thereby reducing friction, reducing wear, and improving mechanical efficiency.
2. Cool down
The lubricating oil can take away part of the heat during the cycle and play a cooling role. This helps ensure that the machinery is operating at normal operating temperatures and prevents damage to the equipment due to overheating.
3. Clean and clean
Good lubricating oil can bring the carbide, sludge and worn metal particles on the engine parts back to the oil tank through circulation, and wash the dirt generated on the working surface of the parts through the flow of lubricating oil.
4. Seal and prevent leakage
The lubricating oil can form a sealing ring between the piston ring and the piston, reducing the leakage of gas and preventing outside pollutants from entering.
5, rust and corrosion prevention
The lubricating oil can be adsorbed on the surface of the parts to prevent the contact of water, air, acidic substances and harmful gases with the parts, helping to prevent the corrosion of the parts.
6. Shock absorption buffer
When the pressure of the engine cylinder port rises sharply, the load on the piston, piston chips, connecting rod and crankshaft bearings is suddenly intensified, and the load is lubricated by the transmission of the bearing, so that the impact load is buffered.
The difference between lubricating oil and oil
1, the application range is different
Oil is a kind of lubricating oil, but lubricating oil is not oil. Oil is mainly used to lubricate and protect automotive engines, while lubricants have a wider range of applications, including a variety of mechanical equipment.
2. Base oils and additives are different
Oil and lubricants are made up of base oils and additives. However, because the working environment and requirements of the engine are different from other mechanical equipment, the additives of the oil are usually more complex and efficient.
3, viscosity grades are different
The viscosity of the oil is determined according to the operating temperature and requirements of the engine. Different engines need to use different viscosity grades of oil. The viscosity level of lubricating oil is determined according to the equipment and operating conditions in which it is applied.
4, the oil change cycle is different
Due to the harsh working environment of the engine, the oil change cycle is usually short to ensure that the engine is continuously protected. The oil change cycle of the lubricating oil is based on the working conditions and requirements of the equipment, and is usually longer.
5. Different performance standards
The performance standards of the oil are usually more stringent to meet the high requirements of the engine. For example, the oil needs to have good high temperature stability, oxidation resistance and cleaning ability. The lubricating oil needs to have appropriate lubrication properties and corrosion resistance.
The difference between lubricating oil and grease
1. Different states
Lubricating oil is usually liquid, with strong fluidity and high volatility. Grease is a paste or semi-solid substance, similar to thick grease, and its manufacturing process is to add a thickening agent on the basis of industrial lubricating oil, which can be understood as a thickened lubricating oil.
2. Different ingredients
Lubricating oil is mainly composed of base oil and additives. Grease is mainly composed of thickener, base oil and additive.
3. Different functions
Lubricating oil used in various types of machinery, the role is to reduce friction, so as to protect the machinery and the workpiece of the liquid lubricant, mainly plays the role of lubrication, cooling, rust prevention, cleaning, sealing and buffering.
Grease is a relatively thick grease-like semi-solid, which is used in the friction part of the machinery, and has the role of lubrication and sealing. It is also used on metal surfaces to fill voids and prevent rust.
4. Different adhesion
Lubricating oil has high fluidity, relatively high volatility, and is less durable than grease. In the static state of the friction part of the grease facing the equipment, it can still maintain its original shape, and will not be automatically lost by gravity, and will not slide on the vertical surface and drip out from the gap.
5, different temperature range
The temperature range of the lubricating oil facing the working condition is small. The temperature range of grease facing the working condition is wider than the upper limit of lubricating oil.
6. Different pressure resistance
The adsorption capacity of grease on the metal surface is larger than that of lubricating oil, which can form a firmer oil film, and has higher carrying capacity and better damping and shock absorption capacity. However, the cooling performance of grease is poor, the internal friction resistance is large, and the grease is not convenient for grease exchange. Details >>
Type and type of lubricating oil
Lubricants are broadly divided into three categories: industrial oils, vehicle oils and greases.
1, industrial oil: total loss system oil L-AN, turbine (turbine) oil L-TSA, industrial gear oil L-CKC, CKD, AP, CKT, hydraulic oil L-HL, HM, HV, HS, air compressor oil L-DAB, DAG, DAH, refrigerated oil L-DRA, DRA/B2.
2, vehicle oil: diesel oil -CC/CD/CF/CH/CI, engine oil SE, SG, SL, SN; Vehicle auxiliary oil: brake fluid, hydraulic transmission oil, antifreeze, vehicle gear oil.
3, grease: calcium base grease, general lithium base grease, extreme pressure lithium base grease, lithium molybdenum disulfide, compound lithium base grease, HP-R grease, and a variety of special grease, transformer oil, heat conduction oil, metal processing fluid, etc.
The main performance index of lubricating oil
Viscosity, viscosity index, density and specific gravity, pour point, flash point, resistance to emulsification, neutralization value, corrosion, rust resistance test, pour point test, copper corrosion test, flash point test, wear resistance and extreme pressure test.
How to choose lubricating oil
1. Understand the equipment requirements
First of all, be clear about the type of equipment required for lubrication (such as engines, gearboxes, hydraulic systems, etc.) and the equipment manufacturer's recommendation. Consider the operating conditions of the equipment, such as temperature range, load, speed, and whether it is exposed to damp or corrosive environments.
2, choose the right viscosity
Viscosity is an important index of lubricating oil, which affects the fluidity and lubrication performance of lubricating oil. Select the appropriate viscosity grade according to the equipment manufacturer's recommendations and the temperature range of the operating environment.
3. Consider additives
High-quality lubricants usually contain a variety of additives, such as antioxidants, anti-wear agents, cleaning dispersants, etc., which can improve the performance of the lubricant and extend its service life. According to the needs of the equipment and the working environment, choose the lubricating oil containing appropriate additives.
4. Choose a well-known brand
Choose a lubricant brand with a good reputation and reliable quality. Well-known brands usually have stricter quality control standards and more comprehensive technical support.
5. Pay attention to compatibility
If an existing oil needs to be replaced, ensure that the new oil selected is compatible with the original oil. Mixed use of different types of lubricants can cause performance degradation or equipment damage.
6. Consider cost effectiveness
The price of lubricants varies according to brand, quality and performance. In the selection, to consider the performance and price, choose cost-effective lubricants.
7. Refer to industry standards and certifications
Understand the relevant lubricants standards and certifications of the industry, such as API, ACEA, etc., to ensure that the selected lubricants meet the relevant standards and certification requirements.
What is the price of automobile lubricating oil
Car lubricants on the market are generally sold by bottle, a bottle of car lubricants some 4 liters, some 5 liters, the price varies. In addition, the brand, label, type, purchase channels and other factors of automotive lubricants are different, and the price is also different. Generally, a bottle of 4L automobile lubricating oil, the price is about one hundred yuan to three or four hundred yuan.
Where can I buy lubricating oil
Lubricating oil is an automobile common supplies, can be bought in many places, general local gas stations, auto repair shops and other places can be bought. If you are not in a hurry to use it, you can also buy online, choose more, search for "automobile lubricant" or "lubricating oil" on the major e-commerce platforms, and then choose the product you want to buy.