First, what are the oil processing equipment
1. Mud pump
Mud pump is a machine that delivers mud or water and other washing liquid to the drilling hole during the drilling process. Mud pump is the most important part of drilling machinery equipment. Its main function is to drill mud into the drill bit during the drilling process, flow through the well, heating the drill bit, removing the drill tool, fixing the wall, driving the drill, and sending the cuttings back to the surface after drilling.
2. Oil production equipment
It consists of pumping unit, rod and pump.
3. Oil rig
According to the drilling method:
(1) Impact drilling rig, such as wire rope impact drilling rig (ton drilling rig), vibration drilling rig, etc.
(2) Rotary drilling rig, such as a rotary drilling rig.
(3) Downhole power drilling tools, such as rotary drilling tools, turbodrilling tools, screw drilling tools, electric drilling tools, etc.
4. Pumping unit
Pumping unit is a kind of machinery and equipment for the exploitation of oil, commonly known as "kowtow machine". The pumping unit is the most important lifting equipment in the rod pumping system. According to whether there is a floating beam, it can be divided into a floating beam pumping unit and a non-floating beam pumping unit.
5. Oil exploration equipment
Including measuring, drilling, and acquisition equipment, measuring with GPS or total station, drilling with various types of drilling RIGS, acquisition equipment.
6, oil drilling equipment
It mainly consists of these parts:
(1) Drilling equipment and spare parts.
(2) oil drilling pipe.
(3) Special tools for petroleum.
(4) Pipe fittings and valves.
(5) Instrumentation.
(6) Chemical supplies.
Second, the corrosive medium of petroleum processing equipment can be divided into what
There are many petroleum processing equipment, there are different environments, so the corrosion medium is also different:
1, high temperature sulfur corrosion
The corrosive environment of high temperature sulfide refers to the corrosive environment formed by sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan in the heavy oil area above 240℃. The typical high temperature sulfide corrosion environment exists in the lower part of the distillation unit, the lower part of the vacuum tower and the pipeline at the bottom of the tower, the heat exchangers of heavy oil and vacuum residue, etc. In hydrocracking and hydrorefining units, the presence of hydrogen accelerates the corrosion of hydrogen sulfide, forming a high-temperature corrosion environment of hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen above 240℃. Typical examples are the reactor of hydrocracking unit, the reactor of hydrodesulfurization unit, and the hydrorefining reactor of petroleum brain in the raw material refining part of catalytic reforming unit.
2, low temperature sulfur corrosion
The sulfur existing in crude oil and the low molecular active sulfur such as hydrogen sulfide generated by the gradual decomposition of organic sulfide under different conditions form a corrosive environment together with the corrosive media (such as hydrogen chloride, ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc.) generated during the processing of crude oil and the corrosive media (such as ethanolamine, saccharaldehyde, etc.) added by humans. Serious corrosion is caused in the low temperature part of the device, especially in the gas-liquid phase change part. The typical corrosion environment is hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide and water in the distillation unit and the top of the decompression tower. The corrosion environment of hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide and water at the top of the fractionating tower of catalytic cracking unit; The corrosion environment of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and water in the air cooler of the effluent from hydrocracking and hydrorefining units; Ethanolamine, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, water corrosion environment of regeneration tower and gas absorption tower of dry gas desulfurization unit.
3. Corrosion of high temperature hydrogen
High temperature hydrogen corrosion is a chemical reaction between hydrogen diffused into steel and unstable carbides under high temperature and high pressure, forming methane bubbles (which includes the nucleation process and growth of methane), that is, Fe3C+2H2→CH4+3Fe, and gathering in intergranular holes and non-metallic inclusions, causing the strength, ductility and toughness of steel to decline and deteriorate. Intergranular fracture occurs simultaneously. Because this embrittlement phenomenon is the result of a chemical reaction, it has irreversible properties, also known as permanent embrittlement phenomenon. There are two forms of high temperature hydrogen corrosion: one is surface decarburization, and the other is internal decarburization.
4. Corrosion of storage tank system
All kinds of storage tanks commonly used in petrochemical plants, because the storage contains organic acids, inorganic salts, sulfides and microorganisms and other corrosive media, will have different degrees of corrosion. As the properties of the storage deteriorate, the corrosion becomes serious, so the necessary protective measures must be taken to protect it. The corrosion of storage tanks should pay special attention to three areas: the inner wall of the tank top, the inner wall of the tank bottom and the outer wall.
5. Corrosion of circulating water system
Some heavy metal ions such as copper, silver, lead have harmful effects on steel, aluminum, magnesium, zinc, etc. Fe3+ is strongly corrosive in acidic solutions. The circulating water often contains insoluble substances such as soil, sand, welding slag, hemp, corrosion products, etc. Some of these substances enter from the air, some are brought into the installation, and may also be generated during operation. On the one hand, these insoluble substances are easy to deposit in the fluid flow area, causing scale corrosion, and on the other hand, they impact the pipe wall with the water flow, resulting in wear corrosion of metals or alloys with low hardness (such as copper pipes).