1. Introduction of drilling equipment
Drilling equipment refers to the mechanical equipment and devices directly used in drilling construction, or the ground equipment and devices during drilling construction. As the name implies, drilling equipment is equipment used to drill Wells.
Broadly speaking, it includes a complete set of surface equipment for drilling, special drilling tools and drilling instruments. According to the function, the rotation, lifting, circulation, power and transmission, control and other systems.
Drilling equipment consists of several parts
Drilling and construction equipment includes drilling rig, mud pump, power engine, rig and auxiliary machinery (such as pipe twisting machine, electric workbench, mud mixer). In the production sector, people often refer to the drilling rig, mud pump, and rig necessary for drilling projects as the "three big pieces".
1. Drilling rig
It is the main equipment for drilling work. In the process of drilling production, it is responsible for the main processes such as rotating drilling tools, feeding and increasing and reducing pressure, lifting and screwing off drilling tools. All rotary drilling RIGS are generally composed of the following basic components.
(1) Gyroscope
It is used for rotating drilling tool, driving drill bit, drilling and cutting. The types of gyrators in use can be divided into: vertical shaft type, rotating disk type, power head type.
(2) Feed mechanism
It is used to control the bit pressure and transfer the appropriate axial load to the bit through the drill tool to achieve the purpose of drilling. The existing types are: screw differential feed, rope feed and oil pressure feed.
(3) lifting mechanism
It can be used to lift the drill, and can change the lifting and lowering speed with the change of the quality of the drill, in order to make full use of the power and shorten the auxiliary drilling time. The common type is planetary. The full hydraulic power head drill is lifted by a double speed mechanism.
(4) Transmission mechanism
Used for variable speed, torque, power transfer to the feed and lift mechanism. The commonly used type is geared. Full hydraulic power head drill can realize hydraulic stepless speed change.
2. Auxiliary equipment
In drilling construction equipment, other equipment other than drilling RIGS, such as mud pumps, RIGS, power engines, air compressors, generators, welding machines, etc., are called drilling construction auxiliary equipment. Among them: the function of the mud pump is to transport the washing liquid into the hole to clean the hole bottom, cool the drill bit and lubricate the drill tool. In the use of hydraulic percussion drilling tools, the mud pump is also an energy device. The main function of the rig is to raise and lower the drill tool.
In addition, the hole bottom engine used in drilling, such as turbine drill, hole bottom electric drill, screw drill and other hole machinery, belongs to the content of drilling technology, but also drilling auxiliary equipment